HS FAQs: Common Questions About Hidradenitis Suppurativa

People living with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)—as well as their families and caregivers—often have many questions. Below are answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about HS. Understanding HS can help you feel more confident managing symptoms and talking with your health care provider.

What is HS? 

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes painful lumps under the skin. These lumps are sometimes described as boils, cysts, or abscesses and most often occur in areas where skin rubs together, such as the underarms, groin, under the breasts, or buttocks.

HS is not an infection and is not contagious. It is caused by inflammation related to the immune system.

👉 Want to learn more?
📖 Explore What HS is and how it develops

Is HS Contagious?

No. HS is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person through touch or contact.

Is HS an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease?

HS is better described as an autoinflammatory disease, not an autoimmune disease. In HS, the immune system causes inflammation, but it does not attack the body in the same way as autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

What causes HS?

HS is caused by an overactive immune response that leads to inflammation, particularly in the hair follicles. Genetics, hormones, and environmental factors may also play a role.

HS is not caused by poor hygiene, and it is not something you did or could have prevented completely.

👉 Want to understand the why behind HS?
🧬 Learn more about HS causes and risk factors

Can HS be cured?

There is currently no cure for HS. However, there are many treatments available that can help:

• Reduce symptoms
• Prevent flares
• Improve quality of life

Treatment plans are individualized and may change over time.

How Is HS Treated?

HS is typically treated using a combination of approaches, which may include:

• Medications (topical, oral, or biologic)
• Procedures or surgery
• Supportive care such as wound care and pain management

The best treatment plan depends on your symptoms, how HS affects your daily life, and your overall health.

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💊 Explore HS treatments and management approaches

Can I participate in a clinical trial for HS?

Yes! There are many clinical trials currently taking place across the United States for people living with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). These studies help researchers better understand HS and evaluate potential new treatments.

Participating in a clinical trial may give you access to emerging therapies while also contributing to research that could help others in the future. Clinical trials vary in requirements, duration, and treatment approaches, so it’s important to discuss your options with a health care provider.

👉 Interested in exploring research opportunities?
🔍 Explore HS clinical trials available in the United States

If you’re considering a clinical trial but feel unsure or have questions, you’re not alone. The HS Foundation offers a unique peer support program called the HS Buddy Program.

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🤝 Learn more about the HS Buddy Program

This program connects individuals who are interested in (or currently participating in) a clinical trial with a trained peer mentor who has experience with the process. Buddies can share their experiences, answer questions, and help you feel more confident in making a decision—though they do not provide medical advice.

Why Was My HS Misdiagnosed?

HS is often mistaken for:

• Boils
• Ingrown hairs
• Infections

Because early symptoms can look similar to these conditions, diagnosis is sometimes delayed. Understanding the pattern of recurring lesions and where they occur can help with accurate diagnosis.

If I have HS, will my children get it?

If you have HS, it does not mean there is a 100% chance your children will develop it. About 1 in 3 people with HS have a family history, which means genetics can play a role, but HS is not guaranteed to be passed down.

If your child does develop HS, your experience can help them:

• Recognize symptoms earlier
• Find an experienced provider
• Explore treatment options

What will happen with my HS if I get pregnant?

HS is influenced by the immune system, and the immune system changes during pregnancy. Because of this, HS symptoms may:

• Improve
• Worsen
• Stay the same

Some treatments are not recommended during pregnancy, while others may be used safely. It’s important to work with your health care provider when planning for or managing pregnancy with HS.

Can I prevent HS?

No—there is nothing you could have done to completely prevent HS. This is because HS is influenced in part by genetics, which are the building blocks of your body.

Some lifestyle factors may affect symptoms, but they do not cause HS. Understanding this can help reduce feelings of blame and focus on managing the condition.

Does HS get better over time?

HS often begins after puberty, most commonly in the teens or 20s, though it can start later in life. Because HS is influenced by the immune system, some people notice that symptoms become less active over time, especially later in life.

However, HS varies widely from person to person, and treatment plays an important role in managing symptoms over time.

Am I at Risk for Other Health Conditions?

People with HS may have a higher risk for certain associated health conditions. Not everyone will develop them, but awareness is important. 

👉 Learn more about your overall health
🔬 Explore conditions associated with HS

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Still have questions about HS?

Learning about HS is an important step in managing the condition. If you have questions or concerns:

• Talk with a health care provider familiar with HS
• Track your symptoms over time with the HS Papaya Patient Support App
• Get connected with patient advocacy groups
• Explore trusted educational resources

The HS Foundation is here to help you better understand HS and connect with reliable information and support.